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Sappho, fragments 3-15 (Bergk), from Wharton's Sappho, including fragments on The moon and planets, A garden scene, and more, with Unicode Greek, translations by several hands, and contexts by Wharton. |
Fr.3Ἄστερες μὲν ἀμφὶ κάλαν σελάνναν The stars about the fair moon in their turn hide their bright face when she at about her full lights up all earth with silver. Planets, that around the beauteous moon The stars around the lovely moon The stars about the lovely moon Stars that shine around the refulgent full moon 'As the stars draw back their shining faces when they surround the fair moon in her silver fulness.' Quoted by Eustathius of Thessalonica, late in the twelfth century, to illustrate the simile in the Iliad, viii. 551:-- As when in heaven the stars about the moon Julian, about 350 A.D., says Sappho applied the epithet silver to the moon; wherefore Blomfield suggested its position here. Fr. 4
Ἀμφὶ δὲ ψῦχρον κελάδει δι' ὔσδων μαλίνων, αἰθυσσομένων δὲ φύλλων κῶμα καταρρεῖ And round about the [breeze] murmurs cool through apple-boughs, and slumber streams from quivering leaves. Through orchard-plots with fragrance crowned All around through branches of apple-orchards Professor F. T. Palgrave says:-- 'We have three lines on a garden scene full of the heat and sleep of the fortunate South:-- '"Round about the cool water thrills through the apple-branches, and sleep flows down upon us in the rustling leaves." 'If there were any authority,' he adds in a note, 'I should like to translate "through the troughs of apple-wood." That Eastern mode of garden irrigation gives a much more defined, and hence a more Sappho-like, image than "through the boughs."' From the sound of cool waters heard through Cited by Hermogenes, about 170 A.D., as an example of simple style, and to show the pleasure given by description. The fragment describes the gardens of the nymphs, which Demetrius, about 150 A.D., says were sung by Sappho. Cf. Theocritus, Idyl vii. 135: 'High above our heads waved many a poplar, many an elm-tree, while close at hand the sacred water from the Nymph's own cave welled forth with murmurs musical' (A. Lang). And Ovid, Heroïd., xv. 157-- A spring there is whose silver waters show, etc.-- Fr. 5
. . . Ἔλθε Κύπρι
χρυσίαισιν ἐν κυλίκεσσιν ἄβρως συμμεμιγμένον θαλίαισι νέκταρ οἰνοχοεῦσα. Come, goddess of Cyprus, and in golden cups serve nectar delicately mixed with delights. Come, Venus, come Kupris, hither Athenaeus; a native of Naucratis, who flourished about 230 A.D., quotes these verses as an example of the poets' custom of invoking Aphrodite in their pledges. Applying them to himself and his fellow-guests, he adds the words toutoisi tois hetarois emois ge kai sois. Some scholars believe that Sappho actually wrote-- taisde tais emais etaraisi kai sais, Aphrodite was called Cypris, 'the Cyprian,' because it was mythologically believed that when she rose from the sea she was first received as a goddess on the shore of Cyprus (Homeric Hymns, vi.). Sappho seems to be here figuratively referring to the nectar of love. Fr. 6
Ἤ σε Κύπρος καὶ Πάφος ἢ Πάνορμος.
Or Cyprus and Paphos, or Panormus [holds] thee. If thee Cyprus, or Paphos, or Panormos. From Strabo, about 19 A.D. Panormus (Palermo) in Sicily was not founded till after Sappho's time, but it was a common name, and all seaports were under the special protection of Aphrodite. Frs. 7, 8
Σοὶ δ' ἔγω λεύκας ἐπὶ βῶμον αἶγος
. . . κἀπιλείψω τοι ... But for thee will I [lead] to the altar [the offspring] of a white goat ... and add a libation for thee. Adduced by Apollonius of Alexandria, about 140 A.D., to illustrate similarities in dialects. The fragment is probably part of an ode describing a sacrifice offered to Aphrodite. Fr. 9
Αἴθ' ἔγω, χρυσοστέφαν' Ἀφρόδιτα,
τόνδε τὸν πάλον λαχόην. This lot may I win, golden-crowned Aphrodite. From Apollonius, to show how adverbs give an idea of prayer. Fr. 10
Αἴ με τιμίαν ἐπόησαν ἔργα
τὰ σφὰ δοῖσαι. Who gave me their gifts and made me honoured. From Apollonius, to illustrate the Aeolic dialect. Bergk thinks this fragment had some connection with fr. 68, and perhaps with fr. 32. It seems to refer to the Muses. Fr. 11
Τάδε νῦν ἐταίραις
ταῖς ἔμαισι τέρπνα κάλως ἀείσω. This will I now sing deftly to please my girlfriends. Quoted by Athenaeus to prove that freeborn women and maidens often called their girl associates and friends Hetaerae without any idea of reproach. Fr. 12
Ὄττινας γὰρ
εὖ θέω, κῆνοί με μάλιστα σίννον- ται .... For they whom I benefit injure me most. From the Etymologicum Magnum, a dictionary which was compiled about the tenth century A.D. Fr. 13
Ἔγω δὲ κήν' ὄτ-
τω τις ἔραται. But that which one desires I ... From Apollonius, to illustrate the use of the verb eraô. Bergk now reads eratai as formerly, on the analogy of diakêtai and dynamai in the Fayum fragments. Fr. 14
Ταῖς κάλαις υμμιν [τὸ] νόημα τὦμον
οἰ διάμειπτον. To you, fair maids, my mind changes not. From Apollonius, to show the Aeolic use of hummin for humin, 'to you.' Fr. 15
Ἔγων δ' ἐμαύτᾳ
τοῦτο σύνοιδα. And this I feel in myself. From Apollonius, to show Aeolic accentuation. |
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